Expect is a Unix and Linux automation and testing tool. It works with interactive applications such as telnet, ftp, passwd, fsck, rlogin, tip, ssh, and many others. It uses Unix pseudo terminals to wrap up subprocesses transparently, allowing the automation of arbitrary applications that are accessed over a terminal. A simple expect script to supply OpenSSH root/admin password for remote ssh server and execute the Unix / Linux / BSD commands. First, you need to install expect tool by following these instructions.
#!/usr/bin/expect -f # Expect script to supply root/admin password for remote ssh server # and execute command. # This script needs three argument to(s) connect to remote server: # password = Password of remote UNIX server, for root user. # ipaddr = IP Addreess of remote UNIX server, no hostname # scriptname = Path to remote script which will execute on remote server # For example: # ./sshlogin.exp password 192.168.1.11 who # ------------------------------------------------------------------------ # Copyright (c) 2004 nixCraft project <http://cyberciti.biz/fb/> # This script is licensed under GNU GPL version 2.0 or above # ------------------------------------------------------------------------- # This script is part of nixCraft shell script collection (NSSC) # Visit http://bash.cyberciti.biz/ for more information. # ---------------------------------------------------------------------- # set Variables set password [lrange $argv 0 0] set ipaddr [lrange $argv 1 1] set scriptname [lrange $argv 2 2] set arg1 [lrange $argv 3 3] set timeout -1 # now connect to remote UNIX box (ipaddr) with given script to execute spawn ssh root@$ipaddr $scriptname $arg1 match_max 100000 # Look for passwod prompt expect "*?assword:*" # Send password aka $password send -- "$password\r" # send blank line (\r) to make sure we get back to gui send -- "\r" expect eof
Other options
- Use sshpass command provide the password and username for ssh based login using the mode referred to as “keyboard-interactive” password authentication, but in non-interactive mode.
- OpenSSH offers RSA and DSA authentication to remote systems without supplying a password. keychain is a special bash script designed to make key-based authentication incredibly convenient and flexible.
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HI
#!/bin/sh
set password “xxxxXxx”
if [ -n “${SOURCE_FILES}” ]
then
for f in ${SOURCE_FILES}
do
cp -prf ${f} ${DESTINATION}
done
spawn sftp ${USER}@${HOST}:${CHANGEDIRECTORY} << ${SFTPLOGS}/sftplogs_${LOG_DATE}.log
expect “Password”
send “$Passwordr”
else
echo “NO FILES TO MOVE FROM SOURCE”
fi
Is the above script okay?
I have a problem with Expect. I am supposed to do the following task which involves running a command script in Solaris. This command then asks the user two passwords (one after another). I am using Expect to do this task. However, I am unable to get the desired output and the script is failing. It is unable to send the password values
#!/usr/bin/expect
set pri_user_password [lindex $argv 0]
set sec_user_password [lindex $argv 1]
spawn -f
expect “Password for property local_service_password : ” {
send “$pri_user_passwordr” }
expect “Password for property remote_service_password: ” {
send “$sec_user_passwordr” }
Can you tell me what the problem might be?
Hi Guys, can someone help with this:
set user “touch”;
set password “1touch@1”;
set gateway “10.34.5.6”;
spawn /usr/bin/ssh -L 22:localhost:22 $user@$gateway
But this doesn’t work and i seem to be getting no result but this:
usage: ssh [-1246AaCfgkMNnqsTtVvXxY] [-b bind_address] [-c cipher_spec]
[-D [bind_address:]port] [-e escape_char] [-F configfile]
[-i identity_file] [-L [bind_address:]port:host:hostport]
[-l login_name] [-m mac_spec] [-O ctl_cmd] [-o option] [-p port]
[-R [bind_address:]port:host:hostport] [-S ctl_path]
[-w tunnel:tunnel] [user@]hostname [command]
Hi,
I installed sshdpass tool in RHEL and trying to connect another RHEL machine where sshd is running. I am able to connect when I run $ sshpass -p” ssh root@IP but not connecting to that IP when I tried by placing the same line in a connect_to_remote.sh file and called it through sudo command. It thrown error.. connect_to_remote.sh: line 4: sshpass: command not found
Please guide me the solution if any one know.
Thanks,
Raghav
Hi Raghava,
You should try full path to sshpass i.e. /usr/bin/sshpass. Since it may be the reason that the shell, which is running your script is not looking for the directory in which sshpass is located. Using absolute path is always prefered way to use any such command.
Thanks,
Abhinav Chittora
I am new to autoexpect and I am having issues with the script that I have created. The process does not complete fully and I am not sure how to fix this. It will not move the database files into the appropriate location.
Script:
spawn /bin/bash
[root@hp36ed01 bin]# ./installdb_unc
logname: no login name
======================================================================
— Universal Addressing Module Installation —
The environment for Database Installation is currently set to:
Distribution type: cd
Mounted CD directory: /holding/UNC/db
Press enter to continue.
CDQ Platform – Universal Addressing Module Installation Menu
1. US Subscription
2. Canadian Subscription
3. International Subscription
99. Exit
Enter the number of the product that you want to load
the subscription database for and then press enter: 1
US Postal Database Menu
======================================
Database Installation
1. Subscription Database
2. Delivery Point Validation
3. Residential Delivery Indicator
4. Early Warning System
5. LACSLink Database
6. SuiteLink Database
99. Exit
Enter the number of the type of data you want to load
and then press enter: 1
The database load environment is currently set to:
Database input file location: /holding/UNC/db
Database output location: /opt/UNC
Enter c to (c)ontinue
or m to (m)odify database input/output locations
or q to (q)uit
===> m
Which do you want to change?
Enter 1 to change the input file location
or 2 to change the database output location
or 3 to change both
===> 2
Please enter full path where you would like to install
the CODE-1 Plus database ==> /usr/UNC/db/test12012
The new CODE-1 Plus database location will be: /usr/UNC/db/test12012
Is this correct?
Enter (y)es to continue.
(n)o to try again.
===> y
/opt/UNC/server/bin/setup is updated.
/opt/UNC/server/bin/setup is updated.
Do you wish to load the optional ELOT file?
Enter (y)es
(n)o
===> n
*************************************
CODE-1 PLUS DATABASE INSTALLATION
Installed on Tue Sep 25 12:23:01 CDT 2012
Creating CODE-1 Plus Database
Which do you want to change?\r
\r
Enter 1 to change the input file location\r
or 2 to change the database output location\r
or 3 to change both\r
\r
===> ”
send — “2\r”
expect -exact “2\r
[H[2J\r
Please enter full path where you would like to install\r
the CODE-1 Plus database ==> ”
send — “/usr/UNC/db/test12012\r”
expect -exact “/usr/UNC/db/test12012\r
\r
The new CODE-1 Plus database location will be: /usr/UNC/db/test12012\r
Is this correct?\r
\r
Enter (y)es to continue.\r
(n)o to try again.\r
\r
===> ”
send — “y\r”
expect -exact “y\r
/opt/UNC/server/bin/setup is updated.\r
/opt/UNC/server/bin/setup is updated.\r
[H[2J\r
Do you wish to load the optional ELOT file?\r
Enter (y)es\r
(n)o\r
\r
===> ”
send — “n\r”
expect -exact “n\r
[H[2J*************************************\r
CODE-1 PLUS DATABASE INSTALLATION\r
\r
Installed on Tue Sep 25 12:21:28 CDT 2012\r
\r
Creating CODE-1 Plus Database\r
\r
[?47h[r[m[2J[H[?7h[?1;3;4;6l[?1h[m[H[2J[24;1H[H[2JPlease press Enter to continue…..\r
”
send — “\r”
expect -exact “\r
\r
\r
Database loading. Please wait….\r
\r
[1;1H \r
\r
\r
[24;1H\r
[2J[?47l*************************************\r
DATABASE FILES LOADED SUCCESSFULLY\r
END CODE-1 PLUS DATABASE INSTALLATION\r
*************************************\r
Tue Sep 25 12:22:19 CDT 2012\r
]0;root@hp36ed01:/opt/UNC/server/bin\[root@hp36ed01 bin\]# ”
send — “”
expect eof
I should see several files in the /usr/UNC/db/test12012 location. After the script runs I dont see the files. Any help will be appreciated. Thanks in advance!
…oops I’ve found that doesn’t work if used with scp like “./bin/pwd_cmd.exp password scp root@host:/path /ptah/to/dest” because I can’t write : in a argument… :(((
Piviul
Hi all, I would like to write an expect script useful every time a command ask for a password (ssh, scp, sshfs…) so I have modified the original script:
There is no way to remove the limit of define a maximum number of arguments to pass to the command? I’ve tried to create a unique variable for all the arguments in this way “set args [lrange $argv 2 $argc]” but doesn’t works.
:(
Piviul
Hi all,
I have the same problem as Fayiz with a very similar script. Could you please tell me how can i resolve this problem?
Thanks in advance
Best Regards,
Helkar
Hi All,
I have used above code to copy file from local machine to remote machine sftp code,its worked fine Thanks
but now I got challenge that if I provide wrong userid/pass cript not work its hang and even not give any error message , please how to solve this issue or any pointer to validate user id pass if code is expect.
]# ./Host_Monitoring.ksh
spawn sftp user@
Connecting to …
@’s password:
Permission denied, please try again.
@’s password:
Thanks
Mangesh Kharade
simple Ex : for expect :
or
use sshpass option
Thanks Vivek! I hard-coded my complicated passwords/usernames/server addresses and now have a one click and I’m in solution. Thanks again!
Hello All,
I have an issue. It would be great if anyone could help; I need to SSH to a remote machine and execute a specific command there and capture its output.
As per the above mentioned stuff, i should be able use the following syntax for SSH:
ssh user@IP
and use expect to supply the^password.
But my remote machine is not a STANDARD unix machine and hence i can not execute the command like this in one step.
I need to SSH to this server and then execute the command as a second step. I am new to EXPECT. Please suggest.
Thanks in advance
Hi
Can any one please help me to develop a shell script for ssh login
Here is the ssh credentials
1)ip address
2)username
3)password
4)port
thank you very much for this script. this very help me to setting my network
That worked beautifully. Thanks :)
Hi all.
This script works fine with most of the server .but one of the server log in password contain ‘$’ symbol (pass123$) on that server this script failed. so i did debugging i got following things.
fayiz@testserver3’s password:
expect: does “fayiz@testserver3’s password: ” (spawn_id exp6) match glob pattern “*?assword:*”? yes
expect: set expect_out(0,string) “fayiz@testserver3’s password: ”
expect: set expect_out(spawn_id) “exp6”
expect: set expect_out(buffer) “fayiz@testserver3’s password: ”
send: sending “{pass123$}\r” to { exp6 }
send: sending “\r” to { exp6 }
Permission denied, please try again.
fayiz@testserver3’s password:
Here you can see expect is sending {pass123$} instead of pass123$.Any body know how to resolve this issue?
how can i get passwd and authorization from server on request using shell script
Hi all!
I have a problem:
I need to use this script to send a command on a Windows Machine, but I also need to check errorlevel, but If I send a multiple commands, as for example:
dirr && echo %errorlevel% I always received error 0, even if command “dirr” is wrong.
How I can check errorlevel??
hellow i want to connect my ssh server using a shell script
usually i connect ssh 10.10.1.81 -l username
then it wants my passwrd
and the connection is being established….
Hi,
Need help…
Sorry for long message/comment
Scenario:
I have to connect to a remote server and run a script over there, which will generate a file. I need to copy that file back to my linux machine and delete the original one.
This is the code I wrote to connect and run the script
(1) It connects successfully and runs the script for about 10 seconds and then closes the connection. Script takes a max of 10 minutes to generate .txt file. How should I buy that time?
Initially it worked fine. But I messed it up by adding copy and removing sections to the script.
(2) I used scp to copy file back to my linux machine
This works fine. But I need to enter password every time. This script will be used by others also. So I can’t use ‘expect’ here and ‘send’ the password of the local machine. Is there an way to overcome this? Or should this script another argument of users password!
Thanks a ton in advance…
Hey Guys
Can you help me out please. I am having trouble with the script below. The password isn’t being entered automatically by the script.
I need to flush the dns cache every couple of hours and I can only do it from the root username. This script works ok when run from the root directory.
Any help would be appreciated.
Thank you
#!/bin/bash
# Flush DNS Cache
set pass xxxx
echo “Starting DNS Flush”
su root
expect “Password:*”
send — “$pass\r”
cd /etc/init.d
./nscd restart
echo “DNS Flush details above”
expect has a default timeout of 10 seconds.. set value to infinite (until the process is complete or set some value which is good for you) using below command (note: place this command after all set properties):
set timeout -1
Nice one, Vivek. Never thought I’d need to use expect in this fashion, but your script was so helpful for a task I worked on today.
Hi,
I receive an error :
script.sh: line 11: expect: command not found
and the same one with the command send.
Is there some package I should load ?
Thanks in advance
Put this in the first line of your script:
#!/usr/bin/expect -f
you have to install expect by sudo aptitude install expect
yes, the script logs in and logs out to local host :( plz help….. i have lot of servers to login :(
Someone’s not setting ipaddr correctly…
# This script needs three argument to(s) connect to remote server:
# password = Password of remote UNIX server, for root user.
# ipaddr = IP Addreess of remote UNIX server, no hostname
# scriptname = Path to remote script which will execute on remote server
# For example:
# ./sshlogin.exp password 192.168.1.11 who
Change this line
spawn ssh root@$ipaddr $scriptname $arg1
to
spawn ssh root@$ipaddr
Hi,
Expect works great. However, I have a further question for linux gurus.
I need to make connection to two servers
I have created 2 .sh script. server1.sh and server2.sh. I want to execute it within single window. By doing this I should be able to log into the second server where I exactly work. First server is route to second one so I cannot access second server directly. So, any help?
Thanks in Advance.
hi,
i want to access a web page stored on a linux server from widows machine
kindly help
May be you can try using Cygwin on your windows box
hi need some help
*****************
I am trying to write a script which can telnet in to a server with my credentials
and execute a command and read the out put and check for paticular set of a data and write
it in to a file.
Currently i am able login in to the system, execute a the command and capture all the out put of the command in to a file. Need some help in parsing specific information from the command output and write it in to file.
Please suggest me how can i capture specific output using EXPECT ?
Expecting some inputs from you guys… thanks
Hi,
Im trying to connect to remote server through shell script..
the script should connect to remote server “1.10.111.227” with username and password automated and execute few commands. once job is done the script should exit from remote server….
Please help me out….plz tell me the script to connect and exit…
thanx in advance
I’m sorry, Did you not read the post?
Sidh, execute.sh connects to a remote machine but exits and comes back to my local directory. Any ideas on what I should be playing arnd with?
Actually, I have written scripts that do similar things to this…usually though, I am trying to automate a task that needs to be done on several machines. A few comments:
1. Passing a password on the command line is insecure. On most systems anyone can do a “ps” and get your password. I prefer to prompt once for the password, and then use it many times:
stty -echo
send_user “Password:\n”
expect_user -re “(.*)\n”
send_user “\n”
set password $expect_out(1,string)
stty echo
2. ssh is a bit picky about whether its connected to a machine before. When you want your script to connect to tens or hundreds of machines… you don’t want to get bit by host keys. Try adding this ssh option:
-o StrictHostKeyChecking=no
3. You may need to connect multiple times. This is inefficient. Recent ssh versions (past several years) allow for control master connections, this allows you to open 1 connection and use it several times… add these ssh options:
-o ControlPath=/tmp/autocm-%r-%h-%p -o ControlMaster=auto
Then spawn the first ssh connection as normal, send the password, and then just leave it alone until its time to shut down the connection. Each new ssh session, that you spawn with the same options, will use that connection… with no password. Its much faster!
Thanks Sidh! – execute.sh works like a charm for me :-)
Hi all,
my request is to logon(telnet) large number of network hosts ( router) to capture system’s inforation.
question1.
when the script issue the telnet session, could it read from a text file that listed all host’s IP address? what is the command of reading file?
question 2.
when logon to host successfully, how to export the result of command capturing to a text file?
thanks in advance!!
Does anyone know to loop this script for say 100 hosts at the same time?
Hi all,
any idea how to make the script check whether the ssh connection is already established, and when not to re-establish it? Having some problems here with servers from university with questionable reliability..
Greetings & thanks in advance.
Hello all,
Can anyone tell me the expect command to stop displaying at the console and enable it back when needed. i did try to use “stty -echo” assuming that it would help me, but in vain.
For ex: when i use the below
spawn ssh $host1
in the script, it does display and i want to filter these.
Thanks in advance.
cheers,
can anyone provide script that will ask me to enter the hostname or IP address that I want to connect to the script would then connect to the host using ssh version 2 & I would then be prompt to enter my user credentials.
./test
please enter host or IP address.
192.168.1.1
username:john
password:doe
[root@johndoe/]#
I want to use this server as central point to access all devices on my network I would connect to this box from this box jump to any other device on my network
hello
I have the same question as Elliott… I got a ssh command that retruns an error code and I would like to get it…
What are the possibilities ?
Is there a way to capture the return code for any of these scripts?
for example if i ran
lss instead of ls , on another server,
i want it to return or be able to check to see if there was an error (non zero)
thanks :)
lls && echo ok || echo nok
is there any way to make sure that the process i.e logging into an ssh, runs in background
hi,
on linux server you can check the process id for ssh. If the process id is not found then you can initiate the ssh process. This entire thing can be handle through (perl/bash)script.
I have a question, who can I List displays system memory utilization (free) every 10 minutes.
thank u for ur help
You may very well run a cron job and use ssh to exeute sar or collect sar logs . You may just need expect if you don have key based authentication .
@hozifa
if you want to do using perl then you can use the following steps in script
#!/usr/bin/perl
@arr = `vmstat`;
@spl = split(” “,$arr[2]);
print $spl[3].”\n”;
$spl[3] will give you the free memory of the system.
To run it every 10 minutes, you can schedule the script in crontab that will run at interval of 10 minutes and output the data in a log file
Hope this helps!
Thanks
Why don’t use the “watch” command in Linux?
Create a file named “execute.sh” with below contents
Later make it executable:
Try this as below:
or
Man you rule! I wish I could be your padwan :)
Hi Sidh,
Using ur script, getting error [expect: command not found] in last expect (expect eof)… Please help.
Absolutely spot on! Is there anyway to use an encrypted or shadow password file though, rather than just having it in plain text in the script?
Works like a dream though – thank you.
Changing set scriptname [lrange $argv 2 2] to set scriptname [lindex $argv 2] you should be able to run ssh user@host ‘ls -a’ and others commands within ‘ ‘ with no need to another variable.
Thanks Dewes ! I was looking for that !
Does anybody know how to modify this script so that it can run a script on a remote host so that it returns a message from the script? many thanks
My bad, figured it out that it returns by default.
does anyone know how to pass a variable from bash to expect
Pradeep
put “interact” at the end of expect script. Without “” ok
I want to telnet to a remote m/c and enable events on that m/c.I used expect script to telnet and enable the events, but i dont see any events coming on the screen.Pls help.
#!/usr/local/bin/expect —
set host1 “10.1.2.3”
set login “user”
set passwd “passwd”
spawn telnet $host1
expect “login:”
send “$login\r”
expect “Password:”
send “$passwd\r”
expect “prompt>”
expect “TeMIP>”
send “enable events\r”
expect “*” ### wht shud I give here to see all events ??
sleep 3600
I want to learn about ssh in deap i want to knw about a cmand that would enable me tn knw whch user has logd on to my account in lan usng linux systems ubuntu is the ostype
I ran the script. it worked for me. But after logging in when i type the command it logging out immediately. Tell me a solution..
@pradeep
try using “interact” command instead of “expect eof”
Something strange is happening. So I’m able to a root prompt BUT when I try to type anything in it just hangs then dumps me back to my original host I SSH’ed from.
Can anyone help?
#!/usr/bin/expect -f
set timeout -1
spawn ssh root@172.17.27.70
match_max 100000
expect “*?assword:*”
send — “password\r”
send — “\r”
sleep 2
expect eof
~
@RobsterLPL
try using “interact” command instead of “expect eof”
send — “password\r”
send — “\r”
interact
Hope this helps !
Thanks
How do you pass a variable from a shell script to an expect script? It seems that I can either call the expect script properly with no variable or I can pass the variable to the expect script, but the expect script will not run.
i want to login to a user using shell script anyone have idea for the steps to do
forexample:
username=oracle
password=xyzzz
i want to login to a normal using shell script anyone have idea for the steps to do
thanks in advance
what if you want to log into an device which can’t use expect, like a cisco IOS device?
i’m getting partial output of the command and more over if the command is more than a word,which is give in double quotes, is taken as { cmd }. which error out saying { cmd } not found.
Please help
while in an interactive program work as first it will ask for user_name if it is valid it will promt for passqd then ecucution will progress. in case we r sending wrong user_name it will prompt again for user_name. how we are going to solve this condition with help of expect. how we can determine that previous input was not currect so program is asking for the same input again…
please help me
thanks.
Drink thanks a million for the addition of ssh -o StrictHostKeyChecking=no that saved me.
so sshpass + -o StrictHostKeyChecking=no option and no need for expect and this script.
for the yes/no question, this ssh option does the trick: -o StrictHostKeyChecking=no
here is the final code,
you can set the SSH port if it’s other than 22
——————————–
#!/usr/bin/expect -f # This script needs three argument to(s) connect to remote server: # password = Password of remote UNIX server, for root user. # ipaddr = IP Addreess of remote UNIX server, no hostname # scriptname = Path to remote script which will execute on remote server # For example: # ./sshlogin.exp password 192.168.1.11 who # set Variables set password [lrange $argv 0 0] set ipaddr [lrange $argv 1 1] set scriptname [lrange $argv 2 2] set arg1 [lrange $argv 3 3] set timeout -1 # now connect to remote UNIX box (ipaddr) with given script to execute spawn ssh -p 22 root@$ipaddr $scriptname $arg1 match_max 100000 expect { -re ".*Are.*.*yes.*no.*" { send "yes\r" exp_continue #look for the password prompt } "password:" { send -- "$password\r" #he expect command will now return } } sleep 2————————–
Hi
I need to check uptime in multiple hosts
i have tried to write a script. Still it not working and stops at Password:
#!/bin/bash
#!/usr/bin/expect -f
set password “123”
SERVERS=”abc688 rgmgw1 abc173 abc30 abc101″
for host in $SERVERS
do
echo $host ; ssh -o StrictHostKeyChecking=no $host uptime
done
{
expect “Password:*”
send — “$password\r”
send — “\r”
expect eof
}
Any one any adea…
Madhusudan
Rahil,
You need to install expect tool.
I am not able to run this sript it says error is below
[root@rahil sam]# ./rssh
bash: ./rssh: /usr/bin/expect: bad interpreter: No such file or directory
I need a bash script which can login to an other machine via SSH and then run some commands and then return the result to my machine. There is a need for the sudo passwd on the remote machine.
Sarat,
I’m having the same problem!
Try this:
send -- "ssh Manager@$ipaddr\r" expect "(yes/no)" { send "yes\r" } \ "Manager@$ipaddr's password:" { send "$pword\r" } expect "Manager@ipaddr's password:" { send "$pword\r" } \ "#*" { send "" }The weird box at the end is the same as “Cntl Y”
This WILL work after you have accepted this host. My problem is getting this to work 100% of the time, regardless.
Hi,
I can’t run this script.
Is anybody there to help me to show how to run it.
Thanks in advance.
Padmanabh
Why doesn’t this work for host names? Can the script be modified to support host names rather than just IP addresses?
Hello,
What happens if the server asks for a ‘RSA key fingerprint’?
In that the value to send is “yes”, right? Sending password will come only after this.
We can write a script to first expect “(yes/no)? ” and then expect “password:”
This will work only at the first time. Second time it expects “(yes/no)? ” and the script won’t get it.
Can you make it a single script to include both using an IF loop or something?
Regards,
Sarat